The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by huge R&D investments which are necessary to discover and launch new drugs and vaccines on the market. Innovating products are protected by Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), such as patents and trademarks. The patent consists in giving the innovator a commercial exclusivity for a certain period of time (twenty years), before the innovative product falls in the public domain.
Two aspects of the relation between patent and competition are treated in this section :
- which kind of strategies could be used by laboratories, in order to delay the entry of competing products on the market, in particular when patents expire ? To what extent are these strategies allowed by antitrust authorities and in conformity with competition law ?
- how to reconciliate patent implementation (after the WTO agreement on intellectual property rights in 2005) with the free access to drugs for poor people in developing countries ?
My papers
A paper "Les laboratoires pharmaceutiques face à la concurrence des génériques : quels enjeux pour l'antitrust" (in collaboration with Heiner Haug), published in Concurrences (in French) [2006], n° 1, pp 47-62 ---> Click HERE
A paper "La guerre entre génériqueurs et laboratoires : quelques nouvelles du front" (in collaboration with Heiner Haug), published in Concurrences (in French) [2006], n° 4 ---> Click HERE
A Power Point presentation (in French) at the LEEM conference in 2007 ---> Click HERE
A paper "Brevets et accès aux médicaments dans les pays en développement" (in collaboration with Etienne Pfister), published (in French) in Revue Française d'Economie [2003] ---> Click HERE
A paper "Introducing patent protection in the pharmaceutical industry : a first evaluation for the Mexican case" (in collaboration with Pluvia Zuniga), unpublished [2004] ---> Click HERE
A paper "Pharmaceutical patents, developing countries and HIV/AIDS research" (in collaboration with Etienne Pfister and Pluvia Zuniga), published in Region & développement [2002] ---> Click HERE
A paper "Licence horizontale et politique antitrust" (in collaboration with Etienne Pfister), published in Revue d'Economie Industrielle [2003], n° 104, pp. 23-46 ---> Click HERE
A Power Point on the economics of patent and licensing, presented at the ASA conference---> Click HERE
Some useful links
On the competition between generics and original branded drugs (princeps)
- A paper in The Economist on the american case [2006] ---> Click HERE
- A paper of Hollis & Liang [2006] on authorized generics ---> Click HERE
- A paper of IMS Consulting [2006] on authorized generics ---> Click HERE
- A paper of Leibowitz [2006] on agreements to delay the entry of generics ---> Click HERE
On antitrust in the pharmaceutical industry
- the Astra Zeneca case [European Commission, 2005] ---> Click HERE
- the GlaxoSmithKline decision [Conseil de la concurrence, 2007] ---> Click HERE
... and its cancellation by the French Court of Appeal [2008]---> Click HERE
On the economics of AIDS vaccine
the website of Professor M. Kremer from Harvard University ---> Click HERE
On TRIPS agreement
- the WHO website---> Click HERE
- the WTO website ---> Click HERE
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